The Express Delivery Three-Wheeler Target is developed for active safety and intelligent driving testing under the i-VISTA China Intelligent Vehicle Index. It reproduces a typical electric express-delivery three-wheeler widely used in Chinese urban last-mile logistics and provides a standardized, repeatable and crash-compatible test object for AEB, FCW, ACC and advanced driver assistance system evaluation.
Express-delivery three-wheelers are characteristic road users in Chinese urban traffic. Their relatively low operating speed, narrow vehicle width, tendency to travel close to the right side of the road and frequent interaction with passenger vehicles create challenging perception and collision-risk scenarios for intelligent vehicles.
i-VISTA has formally introduced the express-delivery three-wheeler as a China-specific test target and incorporated it into both active safety and intelligent driving assessments. Typical scenarios include low-speed AEB conflicts and cut-out scenarios in which a preceding vehicle moves away and exposes a slow-moving express-delivery three-wheeler ahead.
The target reproduces the representative geometry of a real express-delivery three-wheeler, including a single front wheel, dual rear wheels, enclosed rider compartment, rider and enclosed cargo box. Its design also considers the sensing characteristics required by automotive camera, 76–81 GHz millimeter-wave radar and LiDAR systems, enabling realistic multi-sensor perception and sensor-fusion testing.
A lightweight, soft and modular crash-compatible structure allows the target to deform or partially separate during an impact, minimizing the potential for damage to the vehicle under test and test equipment. Major components can be rapidly restored or replaced, supporting repetitive development and evaluation testing.
When integrated with a compatible low-profile robotic carrier or propulsion system, the target can reproduce low-speed longitudinal motion, roadside travel, cut-out exposure and other representative urban mixed-traffic scenarios.
Technical Specifications
| Item | Specification |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Express Delivery Three-Wheeler Target |
| Applicable Protocol | i-VISTA China Intelligent Vehicle Index |
| Target Type | Electric Express Delivery Three-Wheeler |
| Vehicle Configuration | Single front wheel + dual rear wheels + rider compartment + rider + enclosed cargo box |
| Reference Maximum Length | ≤3000 mm |
| Reference Maximum Width | ≤1000 mm |
| Reference Maximum Height | ≤1400 mm |
| Scale | Approximately 1:1 |
| Rider | Adult-size rider in representative driving posture |
| Visual Characteristics | Representative vehicle profile, colors, cargo box and rider appearance |
| Camera Compatibility | Suitable for automotive vision-system testing |
| Radar Characteristics | Designed to reproduce representative radar response of a real three-wheeler |
| Radar Frequency | 76–81 GHz |
| LiDAR Compatibility | Suitable for 3D geometry and point-cloud detection |
| Construction | Lightweight, soft, modular and crash-compatible |
| Impact Capability | Designed for impact conditions up to approximately 60 km/h |
| Recoverability | Rapidly recoverable and reusable |
| Motion Interface | Compatible with low-profile target carriers and propulsion systems |
| Sensor Compatibility | Camera / Radar / LiDAR |
| Typical Applications | AEB, FCW, ACC, perception and advanced driving-assistance validation |
Representative i-VISTA Test Conditions
| Scenario | Subject Vehicle Speed | Target Speed | Evaluation |
|---|---|---|---|
| AEB – Low-Speed Express Delivery Three-Wheeler | 35 km/h | 15 km/h | Collision avoidance or mitigation |
| AEB – Low-Speed Express Delivery Three-Wheeler | 55 km/h | 15 km/h | Collision avoidance or mitigation |
| Cut-Out – Slow-Moving Express Delivery Three-Wheeler | 40 km/h | 15 km/h | Perception and driving-assistance response |
| Cut-Out – Slow-Moving Express Delivery Three-Wheeler | 60 km/h | 10 km/h | Perception and driving-assistance response |
| Typical Lateral Position | — | — | Approx. -50% lateral overlap |
Key Features
China-Specific Traffic Representation
Represents express-delivery three-wheelers frequently encountered in Chinese urban mixed traffic.
Developed for i-VISTA Scenarios
Suitable for i-VISTA AEB low-speed three-wheeler conflicts and cut-out / slow-moving three-wheeler scenarios.
Multi-Sensor Physical Characteristics
Designed with representative visual, radar and LiDAR characteristics for automotive perception-system testing.
Soft Crash-Compatible Construction
Lightweight flexible components help minimize damage to the vehicle under test during impact.
Modular and Recoverable Design
Major body, rider and cargo-box components can be rapidly restored or replaced for efficient repetitive testing.
Representative Urban Conflict Scenarios
Supports low-speed travel, roadside positioning, occlusion, preceding-vehicle cut-out and sudden exposure scenarios.
Typical Applications
i-VISTA active safety testing, intelligent driving testing, AEB three-wheeler testing, FCW evaluation, ACC and cut-out testing, camera recognition, 76–81 GHz radar detection, LiDAR point-cloud validation, sensor-fusion development, ADAS validation and vehicle pre-assessment.