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CPD Child Presence Detection Dummies
Created on 06.11
A More Realistic, Repeatable, and Programmable In-Cabin Child Safety Verification Platform
With the rapid development of intelligent vehicle cabin sensing systems, Child Presence Detection (CPD) is becoming an increasingly important topic in global vehicle safety assessment and regulatory development. To address the testing and standardization requirements of Euro NCAP, C-NCAP, ASEAN NCAP, the UN IWG-CLIV, and other relevant programs, PRIAUTO continues to upgrade its next-generation CPD child presence detection targets, providing OEMs, test laboratories, sensor suppliers, and algorithm teams with a more realistic, repeatable, and programmable in-cabin child safety verification platform.
PRIAUTO CPD child presence detection targets cover typical high-risk age groups, including newborns, 1-year-old, 3-year-old, and 6-year-old children. Designed for multimodal in-cabin sensing systems such as millimeter-wave radar, UWB, Wi-Fi sensing, 4D imaging radar, vision, infrared, and thermal imaging, the targets provide controllable simulation capabilities for breathing, heartbeat, body temperature, sound, eye movement, posture, occlusion, and complex cabin scenarios.
The products can be used for child presence detection, intelligent cabin occupant sensing, vital sign detection algorithm development, multi-sensor fusion validation, and standardized safety evaluation.
Covering Children Aged 0–6: A Product Matrix for Newborn, 1-Year-Old, 3-Year-Old, 6-Year-Old, and ASEAN NCAP 1-Year-Old CPD Targets
PRIAUTO has developed a complete CPD child target matrix for children aged 0–6, covering newborns, 1-year-old, 3-year-old, and 6-year-old children, including an ASEAN NCAP dedicated 1-year-old CPD target.
For different age groups, the targets can be specifically designed in terms of body size, degrees of freedom, breathing parameters, heartbeat parameters, visual appearance, radar scattering characteristics, and scenario adaptation. By default, the CPD target dimensions are based on Chinese child anthropometric data, while customized sizes for other regions are also available.
Upgraded Breathing Modes: From Fixed Breathing to Random Breathing and Advanced Asymmetric Tidal Breathing
One of the key highlights of this upgrade is the further enhancement of the CPD target breathing control system. The system has evolved from fixed breathing to random breathing and now to more complex asymmetric tidal breathing, supporting 12 programmable breathing modes that cover a wide range of realistic child breathing conditions.
The next-generation breathing system can simulate quiet sleep, shallow breathing, deep breathing, rapid breathing, changes in breathing rhythm, variations in breathing intensity, occasional abnormal breathing, short breathing pauses, and complex non-sinusoidal breathing waveforms. These capabilities provide more comprehensive test conditions for evaluating CPD system sensitivity, weak signal detection, false alarm suppression, boundary condition recognition, and algorithm robustness.
The new CPD breathing simulation system supports the following 12 modes:
- Fixed-frequency and fixed-amplitude breathing mode
- Fixed breathing frequency with gradually increasing amplitude
- Fixed breathing amplitude with gradually increasing frequency
- Fixed breathing frequency with amplitude increasing first and then decreasing
- Fixed breathing amplitude with frequency increasing first and then decreasing
- Fixed breathing frequency with randomly fluctuating amplitude
- Fixed breathing amplitude with randomly fluctuating frequency
- Simultaneous random variation of breathing frequency and amplitude within a defined range
- Normal breathing with randomly inserted occasional breathing events
- Normal breathing with randomly inserted breathing pauses
- Asymmetric tidal breathing
- Trapezoidal/platform waveform breathing
With these 12 modes, the PRIAUTO CPD target is no longer simply a “breathing dummy” with fixed frequency and amplitude, but a programmable child vital sign simulation platform. By combining frequency, amplitude, phase, pause duration, random disturbance range, and breathing task sequences, the system can generate physiologically representative dynamic breathing processes. This enables in-cabin millimeter-wave radar, UWB, Wi-Fi sensing, vision fusion, and multi-sensor fusion algorithms to be developed, trained, and validated under conditions closer to real child states.
Multi-Band RCS Artificial Skin: Making the Target Not Only “Breathe,” but Also “Be Perceived Like a Child”
For CPD targets, breathing motion is only a fundamental capability. A target intended for millimeter-wave radar, UWB, Wi-Fi sensing, and 4D imaging radar testing must also provide electromagnetic reflection characteristics, RCS responses, and micro-Doppler features close to those of a real child.
PRIAUTO adopts an electromagnetic equivalence technology based on multi-layer artificial skin, enabling the target surface to present reflection responses close to those of child skin and shallow tissue across different radar frequency bands. This technology does not simply add strong reflective materials. Instead, it combines an outer protective layer, doped conductive layer, and internal shielding layer to achieve a designed, tunable, and repeatable child-equivalent electromagnetic response.
The PRIAUTO artificial skin structure is designed and validated for the 8–140 GHz frequency range, covering in-cabin UWB sensing, 60 GHz millimeter-wave radar, 77 GHz millimeter-wave radar, and higher-frequency millimeter-wave sensing systems. Typical indicators may include a reflection coefficient of –3.1 ± 0.5 dB in the UWB 8–10 GHz band, –4.2 ± 0.5 dB in the 60 GHz band, stable material performance from –20 °C to +60 °C, reflection stability variation within ±0.3 dB, and support for more than 500 cycles of handling, cleaning, and transportation.
Through the coordinated design of multi-layer artificial skin and the target’s internal structure, the PRIAUTO CPD target can not only simulate child breathing and vital sign motion, but also present radar reflection, phase variation, and micro-Doppler responses that are closer to those of a real child at the sensor level. This provides a critical foundation for high-fidelity CPD system validation.
Multimodal Vital Sign Simulation: Coordinated Breathing, Heartbeat, Micro-Doppler, Body Temperature, and Sound
The next-generation CPD target not only simulates chest and abdominal breathing motion, but can also be equipped with advanced modules such as heartbeat micro-motion, body temperature control, sound simulation, eye movement, and blinking control, forming a comprehensive test object for multimodal intelligent cabin systems.
For millimeter-wave radar, 4D imaging radar, UWB, and Wi-Fi sensing systems, the key differences between a real child and an ordinary static object are often reflected in subtle periodic motion, breathing rhythm, heartbeat micro-motion, radar phase modulation, and micro-Doppler response. Therefore, a CPD target must not only be close to a child in shape and posture, but also provide measurable, controllable, and repeatable vital sign characteristics at the sensor level.
The radar scattering characteristics of PRIAUTO CPD targets are designed and calibrated based on real child targets. They can provide representative child RCS responses and support multi-frequency, multi-angle in-cabin sensing validation. The products can be adapted to different technical routes, including 24 GHz, 60 GHz, 77 GHz, and 140 GHz millimeter-wave radar, as well as UWB, Wi-Fi sensing, and 4D imaging radar, to verify the ability of sensors to detect weak child vital signs and operate in complex cabin environments.
Up to 14 Degrees of Freedom: Simulating Complex Child Motions and Postures
Real in-cabin child presence scenarios are not static. A child may be sleeping, lying on the side, curled up, struggling, turning the head, raising an arm, kicking, or changing sitting posture. These situations place higher requirements on vision, millimeter-wave radar, UWB, Wi-Fi sensing, and multi-sensor fusion algorithms.
PRIAUTO CPD child presence detection targets can be configured with different degrees of freedom according to age group and test requirements. Among them, the 3-year-old and 6-year-old CPD targets are equipped with a standard configuration of 14 degrees of freedom, with additional degrees of freedom available upon request. The system supports motion control of key body parts, including the head, shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, and legs, enabling complex postures and dynamic behaviors closer to those of real children.
With multi-DOF motion control, the target can simulate a variety of typical child behaviors in in-cabin presence scenarios, such as slight body movement during sleep, side-lying or curled-up postures, head turning, arm swinging, arm raising, kicking, posture changes, short struggling motions, and local movements under occlusion. Compared with targets that only provide breathing or single-motion capability, the next-generation PRIAUTO CPD target provides richer, more realistic, and more challenging dynamic test scenarios for intelligent cabin sensing systems.
To improve testing efficiency and engineering usability, PRIAUTO CPD targets provide teach-in motion editing capability. Test engineers do not need complex programming; instead, they can quickly generate new motion sequences through a teach-in method. In practical use, engineers can manually adjust the target posture, define key motion nodes, and save motion trajectories. A new child motion sequence can be edited in as fast as one minute, significantly reducing the workload for complex motion configuration.
In addition, motion tasks support both continuous execution and intermittent operation modes. Test engineers can configure continuous or intermittent modes according to test requirements, enabling the target to simulate non-continuous behavior sequences such as “motion—stillness—motion.” This more realistically reproduces state changes in long-duration child presence scenarios, including sleep, semi-sleep, slight struggling, occasional limb movements, and intermittent activity.
This function is particularly suitable for the following applications:
- Rapid reproduction of child postures observed in real vehicle tests
- Fast construction of child sleeping, struggling, head-turning, arm-raising, and kicking motions
- Simulation of occasional and intermittent body movements during long-duration child presence scenarios
- Rapid motion adaptation for different cabin layouts and child seat positions
- Fast generation of new training and validation scenarios for algorithm teams
- On-site customization of motion sequences according to customer requirements
Through teach-in motion editing and intermittent motion task configuration, CPD testing is no longer limited to fixed preset motion libraries. Instead, motion scenarios can be rapidly expanded based on real-world conditions. Test engineers can quickly build richer child behavior samples, making the target better suited for algorithm development, boundary condition validation, complex scenario reproduction, and standardized test evaluation.
Upgraded Event Recording System: Full Traceability of Operations, Status, and Test Processes
The next-generation PRIAUTO CPD target further adds an event recording function, supporting the recording of key operations, target status, task execution, and abnormal information during the test process.
Recorded events may include:
- User operation records
- Breathing mode switching records
- Motion task start and stop records
- Status records for heartbeat, body temperature, sound, and other modules
- Abnormal alarms and fault information
All event records support query and export functions, which can be used for test process review, quality traceability, test report generation, and standardized test management.
Configurable Complex Cabin Scenarios: From a Single Target to Complete CPD Test Conditions
In real vehicles, child presence risk is rarely a simple case of “a child sitting upright, unobstructed, and breathing steadily.” It is often affected by seat posture, occlusion, covering, spatial position, lighting, temperature, and multi-target interference.
For this reason, the next-generation PRIAUTO CPD target supports multiple typical cabin scenario configurations, including:
- Forward-facing child seated in a child safety seat
- Rear-facing child seated in a child safety seat
- Child lying flat on the rear seat
- Child curled up, lying on the side, or sleeping
- Child located in the rear-seat footwell
- Child partially covered by a blanket, clothing, or sunshade
- Child partially occluded by a child seat, safety belt, or cabin structure
- Multi-target, multi-posture, and multi-occlusion combined scenarios
- Long-duration unattended test scenarios
- Multi-task automatic test sequences
Through the combined configuration of target posture, cabin position, occlusion condition, vital sign mode, and test task sequence, PRIAUTO CPD targets can support complete application needs from individual function validation to complex boundary condition testing.
Optional Advanced Function Modules: Blinking, Body Temperature, Sound, Skin, and Hairstyle Replacement
To meet the needs of multimodal intelligent cabin systems and high-level CPD testing, PRIAUTO offers a variety of optional advanced modules for its next-generation CPD targets.
1. Optional Blinking and Eye Movement Control Module
This module supports eye movement, gaze direction, and blinking behavior simulation. It can be used for RGB cameras, infrared cameras, OMS/IMS systems, and vision-fusion CPD algorithm validation.
2. Optional Sound Simulation Module
This module supports the playback of child crying, infant crying, distress calls, shouting, and slight movement sounds. It can be used to validate microphone arrays, acoustic detection systems, and multimodal fusion strategies.
3. Optional Body Temperature Control Module
This module supports child surface temperature simulation and can be used for thermal imaging, infrared sensing, and radar-plus-thermal fusion validation. It is especially suitable for high-temperature cabin scenarios, child presence alarms, and integrated vital sign assessment.
4. Optional Skin Replacement Module
This module supports different skin tones, surface materials, visual reflection characteristics, thermal radiation properties, and sensor response configurations. It can be used to simulate child appearance differences across regions, populations, and sensor conditions.
5. Optional Hairstyle Replacement Module
This module supports different hairstyles, head appearances, and visual occlusion features, helping evaluate the robustness of vision algorithms under realistic child appearance variations.
Supporting ISO CPD Target Technical Specifications: Promoting Global CPD Testing from Functional Demonstration to Standardized Validation
As an important solution provider for ISO CPD target technical specifications, PRIAUTO is helping promote child targets from enterprise-level products to internationally standardized testing tools. Our technical solutions focus on the following directions:
First, establishing an age-group system covering children aged 0–6;
Second, defining body dimensions, postures, and degrees of freedom for child targets of different age groups;
Third, defining vital sign simulation capabilities such as breathing and heartbeat;
Fourth, establishing multimodal sensor response requirements for UWB, millimeter-wave radar, vision, infrared, and thermal imaging;
Fifth, proposing technical methods for artificial skin, electromagnetic equivalence, and RCS stability;
Sixth, forming repeatable, configurable, and verifiable in-cabin CPD test scenarios and evaluation methods.
Addressing Global CPD Testing and Standardization Needs
As CPD functions become increasingly important in global new car assessment programs and regulatory systems, test targets should not merely satisfy the requirement of “being detectable.” They should also support algorithm development, performance boundary analysis, multi-sensor fusion validation, long-duration stability testing, and standardized evaluation.
The next-generation PRIAUTO CPD child presence detection target is built around programmable vital signs, multi-band sensor compatibility, realistic child RCS matching, complex cabin scenario configuration, and optional multimodal interaction capabilities. It provides a more systematic, engineering-oriented, and standardized test foundation for next-generation intelligent cabin safety evaluation.
Looking ahead, PRIAUTO will continue to upgrade its products and expand standardization cooperation in the fields of child safety, intelligent cabin sensing, millimeter-wave radar vital sign detection, and multimodal fusion validation. PRIAUTO is committed to providing higher-fidelity, more repeatable, and more expandable CPD test solutions for global intelligent vehicle child safety evaluation.
About PRIAUTO
PRIAUTO focuses on the development of testing and evaluation equipment for intelligent connected vehicle active safety and intelligent driving systems. The company has long provided test targets, test equipment, and systematic solutions for ADAS, AEB, VRU, CPD, intelligent cabin sensing, and closed-course safety validation.
Building on years of active safety testing research and engineering experience, PRIAUTO continues to participate in SAE and ISO international standardization activities. Around vulnerable road user targets, animal targets, roadside static targets, vehicle targets, and child presence detection targets, PRIAUTO is building a high-fidelity test target system for global intelligent vehicle safety evaluation.