As intelligent driving and active safety technologies rapidly expand from passenger vehicles to heavy-duty commercial vehicles, AEB and AEBS testing for heavy trucks, operating vehicles and large buses is becoming an increasingly important part of global vehicle safety assessment. This trend is reflected not only in Euro NCAP heavy truck active safety evaluation, but also in China’s JT/T 1242 test procedure for AEBS on operating vehicles, GB/T 38186 for commercial vehicle AEBS, and other emerging commercial vehicle safety testing protocols.

Compared with passenger vehicles, heavy commercial vehicles have much greater mass, longer braking distances and significantly higher tire loads. As a result, the impact energy and overrun risk during testing are substantially increased. In AEB/AEBS tests, when braking performance is insufficient, the system triggers too late, stopping distance is underestimated, or failure-boundary validation is performed, the target may be directly impacted or even fully overrun by a heavy truck. This is not a rare accident, but a realistic test condition that must be considered in high-intensity commercial vehicle safety validation.

To address this urgent industry need, PRIAUTO has developed a new generation of ultra-durable, long-life overrun-resistant test targets. The product is designed for heavy trucks, operating vehicles and commercial vehicle AEB/AEBS testing. While maintaining standardized geometry, visual detectability, millimeter-wave radar response and LiDAR reflection characteristics, it significantly improves structural durability and service life under high impact energy, high tire load and repeated collision conditions.

The core advantage of PRIAUTO’s overrun-resistant target is not only its stronger structure, but also its fundamentally different radar-equivalence technology. Some conventional targets commonly used in the industry rely on internal foam, microwave absorbing materials or localized reflective elements to tune their millimeter-wave radar response. While such approaches may be suitable for lower-energy passenger vehicle testing, they can become vulnerable in heavy commercial vehicle scenarios. Repeated impact, compression and wheel overrun may cause permanent deformation, material failure or electromagnetic signature drift, ultimately affecting RCS stability and target service life.

PRIAUTO adopts a millimeter-wave electromagnetic equivalence technology based on multi-layer artificial skin to reproduce a radar reflection response close to that of real human skin in the 76–78 GHz automotive radar band. This technology is derived from our patented artificial-skin radar mannequin research. Its core principle is to combine conductive layers, shielding layers and tunable electromagnetic material parameters to achieve controlled attenuation, reflection and shielding of millimeter-wave signals, enabling the target surface to present human-like scattering characteristics to automotive radar systems.

In our technical implementation, the radar RCS equivalence is not primarily achieved by internal foam or microwave absorbing materials. Instead, the radar response is engineered at the external multi-layer artificial skin. By designing the conductivity, layer configuration, thickness and shielding structure of the skin materials, the target surface can generate a reflection level close to that of real human skin around 77 GHz. Based on this artificial-skin technology, the electromagnetic response can be designed for the 8–80 GHz range, especially the 76–78 GHz automotive radar band, with an artificial skin reflection coefficient of approximately -4.7 dB ± 1 dB to match the reflection behavior of human skin in this frequency range.

At 77 GHz, the dielectric constant and conductivity of human skin directly influence radar reflection behavior. The artificial skin technology is designed based on the electromagnetic properties of human skin. Dry human skin has a conductivity of approximately 38.1 S/m at 77 GHz, corresponding to a reflection coefficient of approximately -4.68 dB; the artificial skin is configured with an ASRC of approximately -4.7 dB ± 1 dB to replicate the radar reflection behavior of dry human skin.

This technical route provides a major engineering advantage: the radar RCS characteristics are primarily determined by the conductivity, layer configuration, thickness and shielding structure of the external multi-layer artificial skin, rather than being highly dependent on internal foam or absorbing materials. As a result, PRIAUTO can use stronger, more resilient and more fatigue-resistant engineering materials inside the target while still maintaining human-equivalent millimeter-wave radar characteristics.

In other words, PRIAUTO achieves a decoupled design between external electromagnetic equivalence and internal structural durability. The external multi-layer artificial skin is responsible for achieving human-like RCS characteristics at 77 GHz, while the internal high-toughness structure is designed to withstand heavy truck impacts, tire overrun and repeated test loads. This technical architecture enables our targets to deliver not only human-equivalent sensor response, but also exceptional impact durability, long service life and low maintenance cost.

This capability is especially important for commercial vehicle AEB/AEBS validation. Conventional targets often require frequent replacement or repair after high-speed impact or wheel overrun by heavy vehicles. This increases operating costs, interrupts test workflows, reduces test efficiency and may affect data consistency. By combining a high-durability structural material system with multi-layer artificial skin radar-equivalence technology, PRIAUTO’s overrun-resistant target can significantly reduce target damage, lower maintenance frequency, improve test continuity and enhance result repeatability.

PRIAUTO's overrun-resistant targets can be widely used for heavy commercial vehicle AEB, AEBS, forward collision warning, stationary target testing, moving target testing, vulnerable road user detection, and controlled proving-ground safety evaluation. The product supports not only Euro NCAP heavy truck active safety testing but also China's JT/T 1242, GB/T 38186, and other testing procedures for operating and commercial vehicles. It provides OEMs, Tier 1 suppliers, testing laboratories, and proving grounds with a more reliable, durable, and cost-effective testing solution.

As a technology company dedicated to controlled proving-ground testing, safety validation, and standardized test equipment for intelligent and connected vehicles, PRIAUTO continues to develop solutions for ADAS, AEB, AEBS, VRU protection, commercial vehicle active safety, and standardized testing. Its product portfolio includes pedestrian targets, bicyclist targets, motorcycle targets, vehicle targets, heavy truck targets, roadside facility targets, CPD child presence detection surrogates, target carrier systems, and integrated test equipment.

Looking ahead, PRIAUTO will continue to address both global active safety assessment protocols and China’s commercial vehicle safety testing requirements. By developing test targets and test systems with higher durability, stronger sensor consistency and broader standards compatibility, PRIAUTO will provide long-term support for heavy commercial vehicle AEB/AEBS development, regulatory validation, approval testing and safety evaluation.